| Mahfouz Ould al-Walid محفوظ ولد الوليد |
|
|---|---|
| Born | 1975 |
| Alternate name | Mafouz Walad al-Walid[1] Abu Hafs al-Mauritania[1] Khalid al-Shanqiti[1] Mr. Theology[2] |
| Occupation | Theologian[3] Author[3] Poet[3] |
Sheikh Mahfouz Ould al-Walid (محفوظ ولد الوليد) is an Islamic religious scholar and author associated with al-Qaeda. A veteran of the Soviet war in Afghanistan,[3] he has he been active in Afghanistan, where he tried to build an advanced religious school called the Institute of Islamic Studies[4] in Kandahar, Afghanistan. He has insisted that he is ideologically tied to the Taliban, rather than al-Qaeda.[5] Along with Saeed al-Masri and Saif al-Adel, he is believed to have opposed the September 11 attacks two months prior to their execution.[6]
The later interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed revealed that al-Walid had opposed any large-scale attack against the United States, and written Bin Laden a stern letter warning against any such action, quoting the Quran.[7]
Although the United States has twice reported his death, it is believed he is still alive and possibly living in Iran or Mauritania, after distancing himself from Islamist militant groups.
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The publisher of the magazine Al-Talib (The Student), al-Walid wrote poetry that attracted the attention of Osama bin Laden, and was invited to give spiritual lectures to mujahideen at Afghan training camps.[3] Some time in late 2000 or early 2001, bin Laden was videotaped reciting al-Walid's poem "Thoughts Over al-Aqsa Intifadah".[8]
It was later suggested that he had traveled to Iraq in early 1998 in an attempt to meet with Saddam Hussein, but was turned away as the leader did not want to create problems for his country.[9] The United States considered him a person of interest following the 1998 embassy bombings.[10]
Later in 1998, the United States learned al-Walid was staying in Room 13 at the Dana Hotel in Khartoum, and President Bill Clinton sought to have him killed or preferably renditioned to a friendly country for interrogation. When a plan was finally made to capture him using another country's officials, he has already left the Sudan.[11][12]
In 1998, Germany began monitoring Mohamedou Ould Slahi's accounts, and it was noticed that al-Walid had asked him to spare some money twice, resulting in a DM8,000 transfer in December and one other situation in which he sent him money.[13] In January 1999, al-Walid telephoned Slahi using a monitored satellite phone he borrowed from Bin Laden.[14] He was initially labeled as being the same person as Slahi by the Office of Foreign Assets Control, who amended their list in June 2007 to distinguish the two people,[1][15][16] and it was later suggested they were brothers-in-law, cousins or cousins-in-law.[14] The confusion seemed to stem from the fact that al-Walid's wife and Slahi's wife were sisters.
Both Slahi and al-Walid worked for El-Hijra Construction and Development.[17] In mid-2000, al-Walid was approached by Ahmed al-Nami and Mushabib al-Hamlan who asked him about becoming suicide operatives.[18]
Ayman al-Zawahiri has credited al-Walid's book Islamic Action Between the Motives of Unit and the Advocates of Conflict as being one of the driving forces behind convincing al-Qaeda to merge with Egyptian Islamic Jihad in June 2001.[3]
"Our battle with the Americans has not yet begun. In the meantime, it's all aerial bombing from a distance. Eighty percent of the targets hit by the American planes and smart bombs are civilian...In contrast, we, as a military force, have not yet used the forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, the Al-Qa'ida forces, and other forces. Not a single bullet has been fired. We are still waiting for the day the Americans come to fight on land. On that day, the real war with the Americans will begin. The Americans are still postponing that day..."
In October 2001, he was misidentified in Canadian media as being the same person as Abu Zubaydah.[19]
In November 2001, al-Walid became only the second militant leader to give a public interview, in which he agreed with Osama bin Laden's earlier comments, stating that the terrorist organisation was not responsible for the September 11th attacks, but intimated that many scholars would still justify the attacks, and that "if this act was carried out by mujaheddin Muslims, then it was an unblemished act of jihad".[5]
It is believed that the American invasion of Afghanistan following the September 11 attacks by Bin Laden actually drove al-Walid away from al-Qaeda, and that he and a number of other discontent former members moved to the south to avoid connection with the ongoing fight.[20][21]
The United States accused him of entering Iraq again in an attempt to get Hussein to negotiate, but state that he was rebuffed in identical terms as his first visit.[9] He was reported killed twice,[22] the second time following a January 8, 2002 airstrike in Zawar Kili, outside of Khost.[23]
When Shadi Abdellah was arrested in 2002, he cooperated with authorities, but suggested that Abu Musab al-Zarqawi and Osama bin Laden were not as closely linked as previously believed, in large part because al-Zarqawi disagreed with many of the sentiments put forward by al-Walid for al-Qaeda.[24]
By mid-2002, media in Thailand suggested that al-Walid, Abu Zubaydah and Saif al-Adl had traveled to North Africa as part of their exodus from al-Qaeda, while American media suggested the three were in Mashhad, Iran.[22][25][26][27] Nevertheless, al-Zawahiri continues to speak positively of the role al-Walid played in encouraging Pan-Islamic peace and cooperation.[3]
Media in Gambia suggested he returned to Mauritania in 2006 to set up a militant group.[28] However, the Magharebia news website believes he was killed in a Pakistan airstrike.[29] Libyan islamist Nomam Benotman also indicated in a letter to Bin Laden that he, al-Walid and Al Qaeda security official Abu Muhammad al-Zayat opposed the 9/11 attacks.[29]
In the 2008 Chilean book El Norte de Africa en la Intriga de al Qaeda, author Carlos Saldivia suggested that al-Walid was also involved in the 2003 Casablanca bombings.[2]